العربية
Selected Social Housing Projects
Last year, the Beijing Baiwan Yanbao Homestead designed by the team led by architect Ma Yansong sparked extensive discussion, reflecting the great interest in people’s livelihood issues in today’s society. In fact, Beijing Baiwan Yanbao Homestead was completed and started to be used two years ago. The public rental system was established in China as early as 2010. Related architectural examples include Longnan Jiayuan designed by Gaomu Architects. , Lingang Double-Limited room, etc. With the introduction of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, it is planned to rebuild China’s affordable housing system into a “rent-based” affordable housing system, and affordable rental housing including public rent and low-rent housing will become the mainstay of China’s affordable housing figure prevalent. This article discusses the system and design of social housing around the world for your reference and study.
*Note: Affordable housing refers to housing with limited standards, limited prices, or rents provided by the government to low- and middle-income families with housing difficulties. It generally consists of low-rent housing, affordable housing, and policy-based rentals. , targeting resettlement housing. This type of housing differs from commercial housing, whose price is entirely determined by the market.
New Housing Company – MAD announces the first popular housing project
التقرير اليومي المتعمق عن المشروع
Asia
Singapore
As a typical city-state, the basic national conditions of Singapore with a small population determine that the government is able to afford housing for residents. Its housing system integrates “housing supply, capital raising, land supply, and taxation.” Public housing for rent in Singapore is called “HDB”, it is built and priced by the government, residents have the right to buy it, the life of the property is 99 years. Since the implementation of the rental housing policy, the Singapore government has adhered to the housing concept of “home ownership”, and has helped citizens achieve their own housing through lower prices, loans and subsidies. At present, about 80% of citizens live in “HDB”, 90% of them own property rights and 10% rent.
“City in the Sky” – Comfortable High Density Apartments with Free Ground to Top Floor Transfers, Singapore / WOHA
South Korea
The South Korean government adopts the housing security strategy of “government guidance, financial support, enterprise operation, targeted supply” to aggressively develop the public rental housing system. Public rental housing in South Korea is divided into long-term rental public housing and short-term rental public housing according to the different rental periods. Long-term public rental housing includes permanently rented housing, 50-year public rental housing and 30-year public rental housing includes rental housing, short-term rental public housing, 5-year public rental housing and employee rental housing. In the process of construction and development of public rental housing, in addition to the massive financial support of the Korean government, social capital is also actively involved. The joint support of the Korean government and the financial system injected a powerful impetus into the development of public rental housing in South Korea, which led to its rapid development. At the same time, the Korean government established a special government agency or management and operation platform for the development and construction of public rental housing, and encouraged real estate developers and other professional organizations to invest in it. In terms of audit, the government department has a strict filing system, and has knowledge and records of the tenant’s family situation to ensure that the beneficiaries of public rental housing are from the lower income groups.
Affordable Housing Project, South Korea / Frits van Dongen
Japan
In Japan, rental public housing is called “public housing” and the land it occupies is called “danchi”. Its policies have gone through three stages of development: “After the Second World War to the first stage of industrialization, the period of rapid industrialization, and the period of post-industrialization,” housing also moved from the quantity of development to the quality of development. It is worth noting that public housing in Japan is divided into specific high-quality rental housing and high-quality housing for the elderly. Among them, the premium rental housing system for the elderly has been formulated based on the rapid development of the aging Japanese society in the future. It encourages the construction of high quality rental housing with special equipment for elderly living in response to the decline in the physical function of the elderly.
KOWA Public Apartment Complex, Japan / Studio Velocity
Europe
France
Among European countries, the development of affordable housing in France is relatively early, according to statistics, there are 69.2 groups of affordable housing per 1000 people in France, 17% of housing. The government requires each city to ensure that low-cost housing takes up at least 20% of the share, and that its price is fixed according to the area and is essentially less than half the market price. Most low-cost housing leases are permanent, rent-only, and do not sell. For people who want to buy low-cost housing, the government has specially launched “100,000 yuan housing”, with a fixed price of 100,000 euros and whose quality is no less than that of ordinary commercial housing. In France, low-rent housing is subsidized by the central government during the construction process. After completion, management and audit are delegated to the local government. There is also the Local Government Office of Low Cost Housing Administration. Accordingly. According to the regulations, the bureau not only strictly controls the supply of housing, and supervises the majority of low-rent housing only for rent but not for sale; And open the case of rent to the community and accept the supervision of the masses. In 2004, the French housing market sold 110,000 new homes, while 400,000 were under construction. On the other hand, low-rent housing meets the living needs of many people, so that people have little demand for commercial housing; On the other hand, the government collects various housing taxes from home buyers, which prevents speculators from making profits. The steady development of low-rent housing not only provides housing for low-income families, but also plays a role in stabilizing housing prices.
105 Social Residences and 18 SOHO Units, Paris / Jacques Moussafir Architectes + Nicolas Hugoo Architecture
71 social housing units, Paris / MAO architecture + JTB architecture
Ilot Queyries Group, France / MVRDV
Equatoria Apartments, Rennes / Christophe Roussel Liquatoria
White Social Housing Project, France / Antonini Darmon
Spain
Spaniards have one of the highest rates of home ownership in Europe, but with housing prices rising, low-income earners cannot afford the higher prices. In order to solve the housing problem of low-income groups, the government successively passed laws such as the Low-Cost Housing Act, the Economic Housing Act, the Public Housing Act and the National Federation of Building Cooperatives. Families whose annual income is less than 5.5 times the national average minimum income, after recognition and approval by the relevant government departments, voluntarily organize into housing construction cooperatives, automatically build houses, allocate the area according to the investment ratio, and the government will provide them with tax incentives. The Land Law passed in 2007 stipulates that 30% of the land allocated for residential construction be allocated to low-rent housing. According to statistics, in 2008 the capital Madrid completed social security housing by 60%. In order to make the policy benefit more people, the government stipulates that each family can only buy one set of affordable housing and cannot own commercial housing in the same city. After the purchase of affordable housing, it must be used for normal residence, and the number of years it cannot be sold is determined. If it was sold earlier, government subsidies must be returned.
La Borda housing cooperative, Barcelona / Lacol
85 social housing units from peris + toral.arquitectes
Social Housing، Spain / estudio UNTERCIO
Social Housing, Old Quarter Manresa / Lola Domènech, Spain / Lola Domènech
Sant Ferran Social Housing, Spain / IBAVI
Mixed building with 118 social housing units, Spain / Aman
Can Batlló Social Housing، Barcelona / Espinet / Ubach
United kingdom
The United Kingdom is one of the first countries in the world to implement a housing security system. Its history can be traced back to the role of work in the tenth century. The three main stages of “housing system construction” have gradually developed from their basic characteristics, including the concentration of management from central to local, pursuit of goals from quantity to quality, target group from general public to private, means of financing from one to diversified, supply entities From one to multiple.
95 Peckham Road Residential Building, London / Peter Barber Architects 95 Peckham
Rest of Europe
Affordable social housing in Viale Giulini, Italy / Alvisi Kirimoto
Dortheavej Residential Building، Copenhagen / BIG
Famous Social Housing Farum Midtpunkt Landscape Design, Denmark / Rambøll Architecture and Urban Development Landscape Design Farum
Government Subsidized Housing, Austria / Schenker Salvi Weber Architects
Performative Brise-Soleil Social Housing، Vienna / StudioVlayStreeruwitz
North America
USA
The basic idea of the US Housing Security System is “to provide qualified, safe, and affordable housing for all Americans.” At present, the United States has formed a stable and relatively mature system of housing security, which has completed the transformation of the main body of protection from the government to the market, the transformation of the object of protection from middle and low-income groups to the low-income group, and the change of protection method from expanding supply to meeting Demand, fixed-point protection model, the process of building the transition to the free choice of the occupants. With regard to the system, the government is committed to strengthening housing security legalization, providing public housing at lower rents, accelerating the pace of housing privatization, and effectively implementing fiscal, fiscal and financial policies for housing security. Laws such as the Housing Act and the Housing and Community Development Act were passed respectively to make systematic provisions on various aspects of housing security. According to 2002 statistics, the homeownership rate in the United States was 70%.
Sacramento The Rivermark Community Landscape Design / Fletcher Studio
Hunters View 901 Fairfax Community Space Renovation, San Francisco / Andrea Cochran
Rest of North America
Social housing in the Sierra Nororental de Puebla, Mexico / Comunal Taller de Arquitectura
The “Aban Prototype” of Social Housing, Mexico / Francisco Pardo Arquiteto
Africa
The development of social housing in Africa is mainly divided into three phases: the first phase is the public intervention phase, then the state exits the intervention and sets its own construction policy phase, and finally the policy phase based on public-private partnerships and NGOs that finance local initiatives. A series of initiatives such as the Social Housing Support Scheme not only promote housing construction but also bring urban residents together in legal buildings, allowing them to obtain housing at lower cost.
Affordable housing in a hot city, Niger / united4design
Beijing’s public rental housing policy attached
The housing insurance system in my country includes: affordable housing, low-rent housing, housing provident fund, limited price housing, and public rental housing. Among them, public rental housing refers to compensatory housing that has limited building standards and rent levels, and is rented to low-middle-income urban families with housing difficulties, new workers without housing, and migrant workers with stable jobs in towns and cities that meet the prescribed conditions. Beijing began building public rental housing in 2008, and by the end of 2020, a total of 200,000 public rental housing units had been built. Beijing plans to build and purchase more than 300,000 public rental housing units during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, accounting for 60% of public rents and the distribution of affordable housing.
Beijing public rental housing low objects
Housing rentals, affordable housing, and commodity housing at limited prices awaiting families.
The applicant has an urban family registration in the city, the housing area of \u200b\u200bthe individual in the family is 15 square meters or less; The annual income of families of 3 people or less is less than 100,000 yuan (inclusive), and the annual income of families with 4 or more people is 130,000 yuan (inclusive) as follows.
You have come to Beijing from other provinces or cities to work continuously and steadily for a certain number of years, you have full capacity for civil behavior, your family income meets the above criteria, you can provide proof of temporary residence for the same period, proof of housing provident fund payment or proof of insurance Neither I nor my family members are housed in city employees.
For public rental housing rentals, Beijing formulated the policy of “land concession, tax reduction and exemption, market pricing, subsidies in various degrees, separation of rent and subsidies.” First, through a series of supporting policies such as land concessions, tax reduction and exemption, etc., the construction and operating costs of public rental housing are reduced, and then the rental standard is determined according to the project cost, financing benefits, maintenance costs and other costs; At the same time, according to the level of income of the object of the lease agreement, the government divides the rent subsidy. Rent can be paid monthly, quarterly or annually, but the maximum term cannot exceed one year. The total lease term is generally 3 years, with a maximum of 5 years.
