Artificial Intelligence in Architecture: How Generative Technology is Changing the Future of Design

From Younan Hawk to zgf.ai: AI’s Journey in Architecture

Younan Hawk grew up surrounded by architects but didn’t take the conventional path to become one. Instead, his fascination with technology led him in the early 1990s to learn Computer-Aided Design (CAD), paving the way for his work in 3D visualizations and animations at various firms.

About 20 years ago, Hawk joined ZGF Architects, where he immersed himself in technology. In late 2007, Grasshopper3D, an algorithmic modeling tool, revolutionized architectural design. Hawk says, “I’ve always been fascinated by the artistic side of software, especially from an aesthetic perspective.”

AI and Machine Learning: A Radical Shift in Design

With the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Large Language Models (LLMs), Hawk found himself at the forefront of this technological revolution. Today, as Director of Design Technology at ZGF, he has experimented with and developed dozens of generative tools like ChatGPT and Midjourney, which produce text and images by analyzing massive datasets.

Hawk quickly recognized the potential of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which allow developers to build new software on top of existing platforms. After years of experimentation, ZGF launched zgf.ai in 2023—an in-house AI toolkit that consolidates multiple commercial products into one system. This platform includes:

• ChatZGF: A chatbot that assists with note-taking, coding, and grammar checks.
• Text-to-Image Generator: Mimics tools like DALL-E to create architectural visualizations.
• AI-Assisted Submission Analysis: Enhances project quality.

The team also developed Ziggy, a chatbot integrated with PyRevit that allows users to review construction documents and analyze BIM models. Although these tools are still in their early stages, around 200 of ZGF’s 700 employees already use them.

How is AI Revolutionizing Architecture?

Younan Hawk’s experience is just one example of how AI is being integrated into architectural practice. AI has long been part of our digital lives, from Microsoft Word’s autocorrect to voice assistants like Siri. But since the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022, AI tools have proliferated in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry, impacting every aspect of the profession, from conceptual design to modeling and analysis.

Challenges and Opportunities: Between Creativity and Over-Reliance on Machines

While AI offers immense potential, it also comes with challenges:

• Flood of Superficial Visualizations: Anyone can generate architectural images using AI, leading to a surge in unrealistic designs.
• Overdependence on Tools: Designers risk losing their human creativity if they rely entirely on machines.

According to a 2025 AIA survey:

• 53% of architects have experimented with AI.
• Only 6% use it regularly.

“AI on the Shoulder”: A More Practical Future

Ellis Herman, Principal Product Manager at Autodesk, says:

“I see huge potential in making complex things accessible to everyone. You can integrate these tools into every project without extensive technical training.”

Some practical AI applications in architecture include:

• gBlox.co2: A platform that analyzes carbon emissions in building models.
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations: For thermal pressure and ventilation analysis.

How Can Architects Leverage AI?

Brian M. Kelly, Associate Professor at the University of Nebraska, states:

“AI isn’t going away. We must engage in its development to ensure it serves our needs.”

Evelyn Lee, AIA President, adds:

“The real challenge is finding the time to understand AI and implement it in a way that positions us as leaders in this space.”

Tips for Getting Started with AI in Architecture

1. Experiment with Tools: Try ChatGPT, Midjourney, and other AI platforms.
2. Learn Basic Coding: To understand how AI models function.
3. Use AI to Enhance Client Interactions: Explain AI-generated designs and their limitations.

Will AI Replace Architects?

The short answer: No. But:

“You won’t be replaced by AI—you’ll be replaced by an architect who uses it effectively.” — Evelyn Lee

AI lacks human intuition and experience, but it’s a powerful tool for enhancing creativity. The real question is:
How do we reshape our profession to adapt to these new opportunities?

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