Types of concrete building units used in construction,
Concrete building blocks, also known as concrete masonry unit (CMU),
have advantages over brick and stone construction.
Where concrete blocks are manufactured in the required shape and sizes and may be solid or hollow blocks.
The common size of concrete blocks is 39cm x 19cm x (30cm, 20cm, or 10cm) or 2″, 4″, 6″, 8″, 10″ and 12″.
Cement, aggregate and water are used in the preparation of concrete blocks.
The ratio of cement to aggregate in concrete blocks is 1:6.
The aggregate used is 60% fine aggregate and 40% coarse aggregate.
Its minimum force is about 3 N/mm2.
ASTM C-90-91 specifies requirements for compressive strength for concrete masonry units.
Types of concrete blocks or concrete building units
Depending on the structure, shape, size and manufacturing processes, concrete blocks are mainly classified into two types, namely:
- Solid concrete blocks
- hollow concrete blocks
Solid concrete blocks
Solid concrete blocks, which are heavy in weight and made of dense aggregate, are commonly used.
It is very strong and provides good stability to structures.
Therefore, for large construction works such as load-bearing walls, it is preferable to use these solid blocks.
It is available in large sizes compared to bricks, therefore, it takes less time to build concrete masonry than brick masonry.
hollow concrete blocks
Hollow concrete blocks contain an empty space greater than 25% of the total area.
The solid area of hollow brick should be more than 50%.
The hollow part can be divided into several components based on our requirements,
and manufactured from lightweight aggregates; The blocks become lightweight and easy to install.
Types of hollow concrete blocks:
- stretcher block
- corner block
- column block
- buttress block
- Partition block
- lintel block
- Braided brick block
- Bull nose block
Concrete palletizing blocks
Concrete pallet blocks are used for corner joining in construction, pallet pallet blocks are widely used in construction.
It is placed along its length parallel to the face of the wall.
Concrete corner blocks
Corner blocks are used at the ends or corners of a building, the ends may be window or door openings etc.,
arranged in such a way that its flat end is visible outward and the other end is closed by a stretcher block.
Concrete column blocks
Column block is also called double corner block, these are generally used when both corner ends are visible.
In the case of columns or columns, these blocks are widely used.
Abutment concrete blocks
Jamb blocks are used when there is an elaborate window opening in the wall, they are attached to stretcher and corner blocks.
For double hung windows, buttress blocks are very useful to provide space for window sash members.
Partition concrete block
Partition concrete blocks are generally used to build partition walls, as they have a height greater than their width.
The hollow part is divided into two to three components in the case of partition blocks.
lintel blocks
A lintel block or beam block is used for the purpose of providing a beam or lintel beam.
And the sill beam is generally provided on the top of the doors and windows, which bears the load coming from the top.
Concrete lintel blocks have a deep groove along the block as shown in the figure.
After laying the blocks, this groove is filled with concrete and reinforcement.
Braided brick blocks
The braided brick block has a frog at the top with a head and stretcher like the braided brick.
This frog will help the block hold the mortar and develop a strong bond with the upper extension block.
Concrete bullnose block
Bullnose blocks are similar to corner blocks, but are best used when we want rounded edges.
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